Vasubandhu (fourth century CE) took ordination at Nalanda Monastery at a young age and studied the Foundation Vehicle teachings. He then went to Kashmir where he mastered the philosophies of many different Buddhist and non-Buddhist schools. He had thousands of students and was one of the most prolific Buddhist authors in ancient India; many of his works are preserved in the Tibetan Tengyur. The Ninth Karmapa Wangchuk Dorje (1556-1603) is best known as the author of Pointing Out the Dharmakaya and other texts on the practice of mahamudra. He also wrote several commentaries on philosophy including this text as well as Feast for the Fortunate, a commentary on madhyamika philosophy. David Karma Choephel studied Buddhist philosophy at the Varja Vidya Institute in Namo Buddha, Nepal, and Sarnath, India. He currently serves as Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche's main English-language translator, and also translates for the Gyalwang Karmapa and the Kagyu Monlam.