This book examines how in defending Asian rights and their own version of Christian idealism against scientific racism, missionaries developed a complex theology of race that prefigured modern ideologies of multiculturalism and reached its final, belated culmination in the liberal Protestant support of the civil rights movements in the 1960s. "The strength of Snow's work lies in her delineation of the scientific racists' arguments against immigration... This slim volume demonstrates the importance of considering the 'losing' side in historical conflicts." -- The Journal of American History