Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource. It is concerned with various chemical, physical and biological phenomena associated with soil. The tools of soil science are significant to the theory and practice of many disciplines like agriculture, forestry, anthropology, geology, environmental science, etc. Nutrient management, on the other hand, deals with the optimization of nutrient use efficiency, crop yield and quality. This is achieved by combining soil, hydrologic and climatic factors with conservation practices associated with soil and water. These two fields are integral to each other and are highly significant for attaining better crop yield and developing new methods and techniques of crop production and management. The chapters in this book are compiled to provide detailed information about soil science, particularly on nutrient management and conservation. This book presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students, as well as experts working in this domain.