Periodontal surgical methods were practiced in roman times when diseased gingival tissues were excised with crude instruments and without local anaesthetics. Burning of the tissue was considered an important step in cure of diseases. The last few years, however, have embraced rapid changes in therapeutic techniques owing to our greater understanding of biological principles of healing and the consequences of surgical insults. Modern surgical management reflects both a move towards evidence-based practice and the introduction of improved technique and instrumentation. Whilst the complexity of periodontal surgery may not be routinely necessary in general dental practice, many of the principles and equipment used do improve the ease and predictability of standard surgical management.The best surgical approach for the treatment of periodontal disease is "Open Flap Debridement".Periodontal flap surgery is the most widely used surgical procedure to reduce the pocket depth.