Since 1979, Iran has been waging a shadow war in the Middle East, heir to the doctrine of mosaic warfare that emerged during the Cold War. From now on, modern warfare will be waged by small units, assembled to fight in a fluid and decentralized manner, without a previously defined structure.To carry out this shadow war and achieve its goals: leadership in the Middle East, Iran relies on the proxies, or Shiite network responsible for maintaining the enemies of the Islamic Republic, under fire and practice a war of attrition.