A revelatory look at the extensive damage most sugars do to the human brain, from conception through to old age and focusing on developmental problems, obesity, metabolic syndrome/diabetes, and dementia. Drawing on global research often ignored in the UK and US, honey emerges as the one 'good' sugar thanks to its truly amazing micro-nutrient content. Every human function requires energy, and no organ more so than the brain which accounts for only 2% of body weight but consumes 20% of total body energy production. Without a sufficient energy supply we lose the ability to think clearly, react quickly or make good decisions. In Honey Sapiens, pharmacist Mike McInnes explores human energy metabolism and how this is affected negatively by refined sugars and positively by honey. In particular, his more than 20 years of research into sports nutrition have shown him the central importance of the little-known enzyme glutamine synthetase and how this is degraded by refined sugars, a key factor in memory loss, dementia and neurocognitive problems in the young and old and in utero. Drawing on an internationally diverse range of published findings, often ignored in English-speaking countries, he explains this causal pattern and the solutions, including the unrivalled part honey and the bioflavonoids it contains can play in supporting brain function long-term and protecting it from refined sugar degradation.