This book offers a convenient approach for readers to comprehend the key separation processes (e.g., distillation, solvent extraction, absorption, membrane processes, etc.) using a reader-friendly writing style. Various separation technologies have emerged as promising candidates to fight the water crisis and poor sanitation. Although there are many books that discuss different separation technologies but this book contains latest and comprehensive overview of the contemporary separation techniques. Different chapters of the book provide a unique information that focusses on the rising importance of the separation techniques. The conventional separation processes include distillation, adsorption, absorption, filtration, chromatography, etc. These separation technologies have been in practice for decades and their pertinent methodologies are being upgraded regularly. On the contrary, novel separation technologies such as membrane processes, super critical fluid extraction and membrane bioreactors are getting reputation in modern plants. This book is predominantly designed to highlight these innovative separation technologies. Students, researchers, industrialist, and professors from the fields of chemical engineering, membrane engineering, and environmental engineering can benefit from the book. This book is also equally beneficial for people from multi-disciplinary backgrounds who want to equip themselves with fundamentals of separation processes.