This book covers different topics from neuroscience and computational intelligence, including semantic and concept modeling, general neuroscience topics, reasoning and knowledge modeling, and topics from clinical neuroscience. Section 1 focuses on semantic and concept modeling, describing automatic concept extraction in semantic summarization process, a further analysis of taxonomic links in conceptual modelling, a general knowledge representation model of concepts, intelligent information access based on logical semantic binding method, and automatic concept extraction in semantic summarization process.Section 2 focuses on general neuroscience topics, describing the philosophy and neuroscience movement, the creativity as central to critical reasoning and the facilitative role of moral education, the information infrastructure for cooperative research in neuroscience, and computational intelligence and neuroscience in neurorobotics.Section 3 focuses on reasoning and knowledge modeling, describing knowledge representation in a proof checker for logic programs, episodic reasoning for vision-based human action recognition, a knowledge representation formalism for semantic business process management, and gaining knowledge from imperfect data.Section 4 focuses on clinical neuroscience, describing neuroscience and unconscious processes, validating new technologies to treat depression, pain and the feeling of sentient beings, Alzheimers disease as an adaptability disorder and what role does happiness have in treatment, management and prevention, as well as how neuroscience relates to hearing aid amplification and social cognition through the lens of cognitive and clinical neuroscience.