When writing this book, the author stuck to specific questions: Why do smart people act stupidly? What skills and dispositions are they lacking that could explain these mistakes? How can we acquire these traits to protect ourselves from making these mistakes? He examined these questions at every level of society, from individuals to the errors that plague major organizations. The first part of the book begins by defining the problem; It explores the flaws in our understanding of intelligence, how the brightest minds can fail (from Arthur Conan Doyle's fanatical belief in fairies to the flawed FBI investigation of the 2004 Madrid bombings), and why knowledge and experience only exacerbate these errors. The second part provides solutions to these problems by reviewing the new branch of knowledge called "evidence-based wisdom," which deals with the intellectual tendencies and other cognitive abilities that play a pivotal role in sound reasoning, and also presents some practical methods for acquiring these tendencies and abilities. Along the way, we will explore why our intuition often fails and how we can correct these errors to sharpen that intuition. Furthermore, the author addresses strategies to avoid misinformation and fake news in order to be able to ensure that our choices are based on solid evidence. We then move in the third part to the science of learning and memory. Intelligent people sometimes face difficulties in learning despite their mental ability. They reach a kind of stability in their abilities that does not express their potential. Evidence-based wisdom can help break this vicious cycle by offering three rules for deep learning. In addition to helping us achieve our personal goals, this new research explains why East Asian education systems have been so successful in applying these principles, and demonstrates the lessons that the Western school system can learn from these systems to produce individuals who are better able to learn and more wise to think.