This book constitutes the proceedings of the First Optimization and Wildfire Conference, held in Luso, Portugal, from October 1-4, 2024. The book features state-of-the-art research results in wildfire management and optimization, highlighting the latest advances in operational research and decision-making methods, and offers innovative solutions to wildfire-related decision problems. It focuses on the application of these methods, including optimization models and solution approaches, to address the complex challenges posed by wildfires. By bringing together cutting-edge research and practical solutions, this book serves as a vital resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers dedicated to improving wildfire management and decision-making processes.