This book summarizes the current achievements of metabolomics in revealing the roles of primary and secondary metabolisms of plants both used as major crops and for the production of medicines. It presents methods and applications of metabolomics for the exploration of stress responses, which may pave the way for obtaining climate-smart and stress-tolerant crops able to face biotic and abiotic stressors in a globally-changing climate. These technologies can advance the exploration of plant physiology as well as precision crop breeding for future anti-stress, high-quality, and high-yield plants and in doing so can achieve sustainable agriculture and therefore support the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement, and the vision of sustainable agriculture. This book is an ideal reference for students, researchers, teachers, professors, and experts in the field of plant science and crop breeding. It provides an effective overview of the critical topic of plant science and will help to inspire and assist researchers as they design new experiments and methods.