This book examines the years after the Civil War when new constitutions and federal amendments promised emancipation, yet local statutes and Supreme-Court rulings quietly re-bound Black life in legal and economic chains. It traces how Reconstruction's fragile gains-voting rights, land claims, and citizenship-were hollowed out by Black Codes, convict-leasing statutes, and Jim Crow frameworks that turned freedom into another form of coerced labor. The narrative follows three intertwined mechanisms: the drafting and enforcement of Black Codes that criminalized movement and poverty, the rise of convict leasing and debt-peonage systems that turned courts into slave-hunters, and the retreat of federal protection amid Supreme-Court decisions that narrowed civil-rights guarantees. Drawing on court records, Freedmen's Bureau files, and local ordinances, the book shows how law, not only custom, re-inscribed hierarchy and kept Black families locked into a segregated, low-wage economy.