Fisheries and Aquaculture: Science and Sustainability provides multidisciplinary roadmap connecting aquatic biology, ecology, policy, socioeconomics, and technology for evidence-based management across capture and cultured species. This comprehensive resource grounds readers in fish physiology, breeding genetics, water quality assessment, and nutrition fundamentals applicable to improving welfare, productivity, and ecosystem health. Coverage systematically addresses system designs spanning traditional ponds, recirculating aquaculture systems, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, and offshore installations evaluating feed sustainability, disease prevention, energy efficiency, and environmental footprints alongside economic feasibility and food security contributions. The book highlights digital monitoring, artificial intelligence applications, selective breeding programs, and low-carbon innovations enhancing efficiency while protecting habitats. Centering sustainability and equity, advanced sections examine ecosystem-based fisheries management, marine spatial planning, certification frameworks, and participatory governance models supporting small-scale fishers and marginalized communities. Coverage addresses gender dimensions, labor rights, international trade considerations, and consumer awareness. Readers develop competencies in fishery assessment, aquaculture design, policy analysis, and stakeholder engagement. This volume serves students, fisheries professionals, aquaculture practitioners, policymakers, development specialists, and sustainability advocates seeking comprehensive understanding of resilient, just, climate-ready aquatic food systems globally.