Optical Science and Engineering systematically explores historical development of optical science from geometric optics to quantum optics. Special emphasis is placed on emerging technologies including nanophotonics, photonic crystals, metamaterials, and quantum optical communications. Content covers wave optics, electromagnetic theory, optical materials, and photonic devices. Readers examine lasers, optical fibers, imaging systems, and spectroscopy techniques. Key topics include interference, diffraction, polarization, and nonlinear optics. The text addresses optical system design, aberration theory, and optical testing methods. Through comprehensive treatment bridging fundamental principles with cutting-edge applications, the material develops understanding of optical phenomena and photonic technologies. This essential resource serves graduate students, optical engineers, and photonics researchers. The book balances theoretical foundations with practical engineering considerations in telecommunications, sensing, imaging, and emerging quantum photonics. With detailed derivations and applications across diverse fields, this text prepares readers for careers in optical engineering, photonics research, and advanced optical technology development supporting information technology, medicine, and scientific instrumentation.